Protegrin-1 (PG-1) peptide

Protegrin-1 (PG-1) peptide

• COA/MS/HPLC Report
• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

H-RGGRLCYCRRRFCVCVGR-NH2

H-Arg-Gly-Gly-Arg-Leu-Cys-Tyr-Cys-Arg-Arg-Arg-Phe-Cys-Val-Cys-Val-Gly-Arg-NH2

18

95.59%

C₈₈H₁₄₇N₃₇O₁₉S₄

2155.6

Synthetic

Powder

This peptide is Protegrin-1 (PG-1) with a modified C-terminal amide. PG-1 is an 18-amino-acid beta-hairpin antimicrobial peptide found in porcine leukocytes and belongs to the cathelicidin family. PG-1 exhibits broad-spectrum activity unaffected by extracellular NaCl concentrations and is capable of inactivating numerous bacterial strains, Candida albicans, and some enveloped viruses. The efficacy is strongly dependent upon the existence of two disulfide bonds that stabilize the beta-sheet structure.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual:Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Pontes JTC, Toledo Borges AB, Roque-Borda CA, Pavan FR. Antimicrobial Peptides as an Alternative for the Eradication of Bacterial Biofilms of Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Mar 15;14(3):642. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030642. PMID: 35336016; PMCID: PMC8950055.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.