Proteasome-activating peptide 1

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

Proteasome-activating peptide 1 (PAP1) is a synthetic peptide derived from the venomous fish Thalassophryne nattereri. PAP1 enhances the chymotrypsin-like (ChT-L) proteasomal catalytic activity by promoting the opening of the 20S proteasome's catalytic chamber. This activation leads to increased proteolytic rates both in vitro and in cellular models. The peptide's mechanism involves interaction with the 20S core particle, resulting in long-term proteasomal activation without affecting the polyubiquitylated protein pool. PAP1 has been shown to facilitate the removal of oxidatively damaged proteins and reduce protein aggregation, particularly in models of oxidative stress.

Structural studies reveal that PAP1's open conformation, with an amidated C-terminus, is more effective in proteasomal activation than its cyclic form. The peptide is resistant to proteasomal degradation and maintains its activity under physiological conditions. Electron microscopy analysis confirms that PAP1 induces gate opening in the 20S proteasome, enhancing its capacity to degrade unstructured or oxidized proteins. These properties highlight PAP1 as a valuable tool for studying proteasomal regulation and its role in cellular stress responses.

• Dal Vechio FH, Cerqueira F, Augusto O, Lopes R, Demasi M. Peptides that activate the 20S proteasome by gate opening increased oxidized protein removal and reduced protein aggregation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014 Feb;67:304-13. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.017. Epub 2013 Nov 27. PMID: 24291399.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a common counterion from the purification process using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The presence of TFA can affect the peptide's net weight, appearance, and solubility.

Impact on Net Weight: The TFA salt contributes to the total mass of the product. In most cases, the peptide content constitutes >80% of the total weight, with TFA accounting for the remainder.

Solubility: TFA salts generally enhance the solubility of peptides in aqueous solutions.

In Biological Assays: For most standard in vitro assays, the residual TFA levels do not cause interference. However, for highly sensitive cellular or biochemical studies, please be aware of its presence.