GAD546–554 peptide

GAD546–554 peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

H-SYQPLGDKV-OH

H-Ser-Tyr-Gln-Pro-Leu-Gly-Asp-Lys-Val-OH

9

95.7%

C₄₅H₇₁N₁₁O₁₅

1006.1

Synthetic

Powder

GAD546-554 is a modified peptide ligand (APL) created from autoantigens found in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, it is a dominant epitope that autoreactive T cells recognize and attack pancreatic beta cells. The peptide was produced using the Fmoc strategy and purified with HPLC and mass spectrometry. In a CTL stimulation assay, the GAD546-554 peptide was used as an antigen. Antigen-presenting cells were exposed to the peptide and co-cultured with CTL546.L clone cells to measure cytokine production. GAD546-554 peptide has the potential to trigger tolerance in autoreactive cells in T1D animal models. This peptide can be used to study the immune response and modulation of autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes that cause type 1 diabetes. To enhance its immunogenicity and stability for potential therapeutic use in humans, the peptide can be modified and optimized further.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual:Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Nandedkar-Kulkarni N, Vartak AR, Sucheck SJ, Wall KA, Quinn A, Morran MP, McInerney MF. Development of a Bioconjugate Platform for Modifying the Immune Response of Autoreactive Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Involved in Type 1 Diabetes. Bioconjug Chem. 2019 Jul 17;30(7):2049-2059. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00332. Epub 2019 Jul 5. PMID: 31274300; PMCID: PMC6707076.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.