Flg22 (A. tumefaciens) peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

Flg22 is a conserved 22-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminal region of bacterial flagellin. In the context of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the specific peptide sequence is ARVSSGLRVGDASDNAAYWSIA. This peptide serves as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and is a potent elicitor of innate immune responses in plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana. The peptide is perceived by the plant receptor-like kinase FLS2, which initiates downstream signaling cascades, including MAP kinase activation, leading to defense gene expression.

Notably, the flg22 peptide from A. tumefaciens is characterized as an inactive elicitor in plant immune response induction. Experimental studies demonstrate that, unlike active flg22 variants from other bacterial species like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the A. tumefaciens flg22 peptide fails to induce the expression of defense-related genes such as NHO1 in Arabidopsis. This inactivity highlights the specificity of plant immune recognition, where subtle sequence variations in PAMPs can determine the outcome of pathogen perception and subsequent defense activation.

• Li X, Lin H, Zhang W, Zou Y, Zhang J, Tang X, Zhou JM. Flagellin induces innate immunity in nonhost interactions that is suppressed by Pseudomonas syringae effectors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Sep 6;102(36):12990-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0502425102. Epub 2005 Aug 25. PMID: 16123135; PMCID: PMC1200263.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a common counterion from the purification process using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The presence of TFA can affect the peptide's net weight, appearance, and solubility.

Impact on Net Weight: The TFA salt contributes to the total mass of the product. In most cases, the peptide content constitutes >80% of the total weight, with TFA accounting for the remainder.

Solubility: TFA salts generally enhance the solubility of peptides in aqueous solutions.

In Biological Assays: For most standard in vitro assays, the residual TFA levels do not cause interference. However, for highly sensitive cellular or biochemical studies, please be aware of its presence.