Endothelin-3 peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

Endothelin-3 (EDN3) is a signaling peptide that plays a crucial role in the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) by influencing the behavior of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs). EDN3 is expressed in the developing gut, particularly in regions enriched with extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as fibronectin and tenascin-C. It stimulates ENCC adhesion to various ECM proteins by increasing the number and size of focal adhesions, which are critical for cell-ECM interactions. EDN3 induces rapid changes in ENCC morphology, including sustained growth and stabilization of lamellipodia, coinciding with actin cytoskeleton remodeling and increased activation of β1-integrins. This peptide also cooperates with β1-integrins to regulate ENCC migration and colonization of the gut during ENS ontogenesis.

The interaction between EDN3 and β1-integrin signaling pathways is essential for proper ENS development. Genetic studies demonstrate that combined deficits in EDN3 and β1-integrin functions lead to severe migratory defects in ENCCs, resulting in impaired gut colonization and disorganization of the ENS network. EDN3 enhances the adhesive capacity of ENCCs by promoting the formation of β1-integrin-enriched adhesion sites and modulating protrusion dynamics, highlighting its role in coordinating cell-matrix interactions during ENS formation.

• Gazquez E, Watanabe Y, Broders-Bondon F, Paul-Gilloteaux P, Heysch J, Baral V, Bondurand N, Dufour S. Endothelin-3 stimulates cell adhesion and cooperates with β1-integrins during enteric nervous system ontogenesis. Sci Rep. 2016 Dec 1;6:37877. doi: 10.1038/srep37877. PMID: 27905407; PMCID: PMC5131347.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a common counterion from the purification process using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The presence of TFA can affect the peptide's net weight, appearance, and solubility.

Impact on Net Weight: The TFA salt contributes to the total mass of the product. In most cases, the peptide content constitutes >80% of the total weight, with TFA accounting for the remainder.

Solubility: TFA salts generally enhance the solubility of peptides in aqueous solutions.

In Biological Assays: For most standard in vitro assays, the residual TFA levels do not cause interference. However, for highly sensitive cellular or biochemical studies, please be aware of its presence.