β-CGRP, human peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide derived from alternative RNA processing of the calcitonin gene. It exists in two major isoforms, α- and β-CGRP, which share high homology and similar biological activities. CGRP belongs to a peptide family that acts on a unique receptor family composed of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), essential for its functionality. CGRP is a potent vasodilator, primarily released from sensory nerves, and is implicated in cardiovascular regulation and pain pathways. The peptide is localized extensively in perivascular sensory fibers and plays a role in neurogenic inflammation and vascular protection.

CGRP is synthesized in sensory neurons and stored in dense-core vesicles, with release mediated by calcium-dependent exocytosis. Its vasodilatory effects are mediated through cAMP-dependent pathways, involving both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. CGRP also modulates immune responses and has been implicated in conditions such as migraine, where its release contributes to vasodilation and nociceptive signaling. The peptide's structure includes a disulfide-bonded N-terminal ring, an α-helical domain, and a C-terminal region critical for receptor binding. CGRP metabolism involves enzymes such as neutral endopeptidase and endothelin-converting enzyme-1, which regulate its bioavailability.

• Russell FA, King R, Smillie SJ, Kodji X, Brain SD. Calcitonin gene-related peptide: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 2014 Oct;94(4):1099-142. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2013. PMID: 25287861; PMCID: PMC4187032.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a common counterion from the purification process using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The presence of TFA can affect the peptide's net weight, appearance, and solubility.

Impact on Net Weight: The TFA salt contributes to the total mass of the product. In most cases, the peptide content constitutes >80% of the total weight, with TFA accounting for the remainder.

Solubility: TFA salts generally enhance the solubility of peptides in aqueous solutions.

In Biological Assays: For most standard in vitro assays, the residual TFA levels do not cause interference. However, for highly sensitive cellular or biochemical studies, please be aware of its presence.