VD-11 peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

VD11 is a linear peptide with the amino acid sequence VDELWPPWLPC, identified from the spinal cord of the Chinese odorous frog Odorrana schmackeri. It is derived from a 58-amino acid precursor encoded by a 221-bp mRNA, and its name reflects the initial two residues (VD) and its 11-amino acid length. Sequence analysis indicates that VD11 shares a similar precursor structure with Nigrocin-2N but displays no evident sequence similarity to other known peptides, suggesting that it is a unique amphibian-derived polypeptide.

In studies using BV2 microglial cells and PC12 neuronal-like cells, VD11 increased the secretion of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and promoted cell proliferation and axon elongation under hypoxic conditions. RNA sequencing and western blotting further indicated that these effects are associated with activation of the AMPK and AKT signaling pathways, suggesting a role for VD11 in modulating neurotrophic factor production and neuronal process outgrowth.

• Li SS, Zhang BY, Yin SG, Wei ZQ, Liu NX, Li YL, Wang SY, Shi YH, Zhao J, Wang LJ, Zhang Y, Sun J, Wang Y, Yang XW. A new peptide, VD11, promotes structural and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res. 2023 Oct;18(10):2260-2267. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.369119. PMID: 37056146; PMCID: PMC10328262.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a common counterion from the purification process using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The presence of TFA can affect the peptide's net weight, appearance, and solubility.

Impact on Net Weight: The TFA salt contributes to the total mass of the product. In most cases, the peptide content constitutes >80% of the total weight, with TFA accounting for the remainder.

Solubility: TFA salts generally enhance the solubility of peptides in aqueous solutions.

In Biological Assays: For most standard in vitro assays, the residual TFA levels do not cause interference. However, for highly sensitive cellular or biochemical studies, please be aware of its presence.