PpNLP peptide

PpNLP peptide

• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

H-AIMYSWYFPKDSPVTGLGHR-OH

H-Ala-Ile-Met-Tyr-Ser-Trp-Tyr-Phe-Pro-Lys-Asp-Ser-Pro-Val-Thr-Gly-Leu-Gly-His-Arg-OH

20

95.74%

C₁₀₉H₁₅₇N₂₇O₂₈S

2325.63

Synthetic

Powder

PpNLP is a protein found in Phytophthora parasitica, a type of oomycete microbe. It is a necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide that acts as a virulence factor, causing damage to host cells. PpNLP carries a conserved peptide pattern called nlp20, which triggers immunity-associated plant defenses and immunity to microbial infection in Arabidopsis thaliana and related plant species. The nlp20 motif is missing in Pectobacterium carotovorum NLP (PccNLP), suggesting that cytotoxic NLPs carrying the nlp20 motif are potentially capable of evoking plant immunity through two different mechanisms: toxin action and a classical PAMP motif. The immunogenic activities of PpNLP and its orthologs have been studied in Arabidopsis, showing the induction of ethylene formation, MAPK activation, production of reactive oxygen species, PR1::GUS expression, and callose apposition. These findings highlight the complex and diverse mechanisms of microbe sensing in plant-microbe interactions.

Normally, this peptide will be delivered in lyophilized form and should be stored in a freezer at or below -20 °C. For more details, please refer to the manual:Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides

• Böhm H, Albert I, Oome S, Raaymakers TM, Van den Ackerveken G, Nürnberger T. A conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in Arabidopsis. PLoS Pathog. 2014 Nov 6;10(11):e1004491. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004491. PMID: 25375108; PMCID: PMC4223075.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) has a significant impact on peptides due to its role in the peptide synthesis process.

TFA is essential for the protonation of peptides that lack basic amino acids such as Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys), or ones that have blocked N-termini. As a result, peptides often contain TFA salts in the final product.

TFA residues, when present in custom peptides, can cause unpredictable fluctuations in experimental data. At a nanomolar (nM) level, TFA can influence cell experiments, hindering cell growth at low concentrations (as low as 10 nM) and promoting it at higher doses (0.5–7.0 mM). It can also serve as an allosteric regulator on the GlyR of glycine receptors, thereby increasing receptor activity at lower glycine concentrations.

In an in vivo setting, TFA can trifluoroacetylate amino groups in proteins and phospholipids, inducing potentially unwanted antibody responses. Moreover, TFA can impact structure studies as it affects spectrum absorption.