Ac2-26 peptide

• COA/MS/HPLC Report
• Handling and Storage of Synthetic Peptides
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Batch to batch variation of the purity

Ac2-26 is an N-terminal-derived peptide of annexin-A1 (ANX-A1), a glucocorticoid-regulated anti-inflammatory protein belonging to the annexin superfamily. This peptide shares biological properties with the full-length ANX-A1 protein, including the capacity to inhibit neutrophil adhesion and infiltration. Ac2-26 binds to the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family of G-protein coupled receptors, particularly FPR2, which is considered the primary mediator of its anti-inflammatory effects. The peptide is known to modulate immune responses by influencing leukocyte activation and migration.

In experimental models, Ac2-26 demonstrates direct protective actions on cardiomyocytes, preserving cell viability under conditions of stress such as hypoxia-reoxygenation. It reduces markers of cellular injury, including lactate dehydrogenase and cardiac troponin release. The peptide also influences gene expression in cardiac cells, upregulating FPR subtypes and attenuating pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways. These actions highlight its role in mitigating cellular damage and modulating inflammatory processes within the myocardium.

• Perretti and Gavins (2003) Annexin 1: an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein. News Physiol.Sci. 18 60 PMID: 12644621
• Leoni et al (2015) Annexin A1-containing extracellular vesicles and polymeric nanoparticles promote epithelial wound repair. J.Clin.Invest. 125 1215 PMID: 25664854
• Possebon et al (2018) Mimetic peptide AC2-26 of annexin A1 as a potential therapeutic agent to treat COPD, International Immunopharmacology, 63 270 PMID: 30121452

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a common counterion from the purification process using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The presence of TFA can affect the peptide's net weight, appearance, and solubility.

Impact on Net Weight: The TFA salt contributes to the total mass of the product. In most cases, the peptide content constitutes >80% of the total weight, with TFA accounting for the remainder.

Solubility: TFA salts generally enhance the solubility of peptides in aqueous solutions.

In Biological Assays: For most standard in vitro assays, the residual TFA levels do not cause interference. However, for highly sensitive cellular or biochemical studies, please be aware of its presence.